2E-4 @100 MHz. The high was the main cause of the lower values of , which explains the unexpectedly. To obtain the permittiv-ity and the loss tangent of the test. 2. The result is a low loss material which can be fabricated using standard epoxy/glass (FR-4) processes offered at a competitive price. Helping to maintain the Dk uniformity are the randomly oriented microfibers reinforcing the. Phys. This family of advanced laminates offers exceptional electrical and mechanical stability. The result is a low loss material which can be fabricated using standard epoxy/glass (FR-4) processes offered at competitive prices. RO3003 laminates offer excellent stability of dielectric constant (Dk) over various temperatures and frequencies. 0018 at X-band and low moisture absorption. 7 Loss tangent: 0. 5 ¥ 10-3 at 60 GHz which exhibits significant impact on total loss in mm-Wave device but the processing for PTFE is also known to be difficult. % untreated SiO 2 filled PTFE composite has a dielectric constant of 2. Dielectric constant: Although this is sometimes misunderstood, and everyone tends to just go for low-Dk laminates, but high-Dk. This material is a rigid, thermoset laminate. The dissipation factor is the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating material. 4 %PTFE also has a very low loss tangent with a typical value of tan δ = 4 × 10 −4 , which decreases by a factor of 2-3 from 300 K down to 4 K [51, 52]. Ultra Low Loss Laminate and Prepreg. (FR-4) processes. CuClad® laminates are woven fiberglass/PTFE composite materials for use as printed circuit board substrates. 6 to 4. In the case of cement–matrix composites, both loss tangent and storage modulus are greatly enhanced by the addition of silica fume. 5Hello everybody, I have the refractive index values of a new material over wavelength. constantsincludeTeflon^(polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)),cross-linkedpolystyrene "Specificmaterialsthatare commonly used are mentioned for informational purposes only. Among these polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has caused concern of the industry and academia, due to its excellent dielectric properties such as low permittivity, extremely low loss tangent [1, [5], [6], [7]]. 97% to 54. 031 at 0. The PTFE/CNT (1 wt%) composite nanofiber membrane displayed an optimal reflection loss of −53. The storage modulus (G′), complex viscosity (η*) and loss angle tangent (tanδ) versus angular frequency (ω) are plotted in Fig. and it influences cost of devices. A very high intense and sharp peak was observed at 40. Hence, in this paper, PTFE and spherical CNT were chosen as polymer matrix and ceramic filler, respectively. 128 at 2. 33 x 10 7: MΩ-cm. 0000 0. 4= loss tangent measurements as specified in 5. 2. RF & Microwave Design Guide 8 Chapters - 44 Pages - 60 Minute Read . 1: Permittivity of Some Common Materials is shared under a CC BY-SA 4. τ ε rPolymer Composites is the engineering and scientific journal serving the fields of reinforced plastics and polymer composites including research, production, processing, and applications. Materials like PTFE, PE and PS were used to validate the measurement. 1 through 5. 4. 2)×10 -4 around 84GHz. Likewise, relative permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared with a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric. The main attributes of MEGTRON 6/6G are: low dielectric constant and dielectric dissipation factors, low transmission loss and high heat resistance; Td = 410°C (770°F). The propagation delay per unit length in a lossless line can be PTFE test samples, 3D printed using 3M’s proprietary printing process, were tested for dielectric constant and dielectric loss. In this study, we developed a novel strategy that can accurately detect the permittivity and loss tangent of low-loss materials based on a. PTFE laminates are a specialty material despite. 5 THz to 0. 4" L=10. 0041. A new kind of ZrTi2O6 filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microwave composite substrates was fabricated through the hot-pressing process. 04 Df 0. Step 3: Select the correct membrane area to. North America Asia Europe IsoDesign Tools Contact Us. Therefore, 2 dB will reduce the maximum detection distance by about 11 percent. 4. Loss Tangent 0. The loss tangent of the PTFE/BMT composites was improved to 0. Products Why Isola Why Isola Materials Quality. Loss tangent approximation is good only over 1 frequency decade Attempt to approximate benchmark wideband Debye (WD) model with 2-pole Debye model (points specified at 1 GHz and 10 GHz) Effective dielectric constant and effective loss tangent correspond to actual dielectric DK and LTLoss Tangent . P. 3). With their exceptional dielectric properties, low loss tangent, and thermal stability, AD255C materials offer significant advantages for high-frequency circuit designs. Among the polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the most preferred host matrix that exhibits excellent dielectric properties such as low permittivity (ε r = 2. A surface roughness is very low for PTFE substrate and there is low reliability in Rogers RT/duroid 5880 high frequency laminates are PTFE composites reinforced with glass microfibers. Industry leading dielectric constant & thickness tolerance for commercial PTFE materials. 002. PTFE has low dielectric constant ε ′ r ∼ 2. Low-loss, high frequency advanced materials with well-controlled dielectric properties to enable microwave and RF applications, including mobile networks. In general, the dielectric loss tangent of composites remains a very low level, i. View attachment 75187 Ideal may be quartz over alumina or ceramic substrate in non PTFE materials which are predicted to triple in next few years, but you did not specify budget constraints. At frequencies less than 1kHz the loss tangent of wood above the FSP may decrease sharply as the temperature is reduced below freezing. Here, we use tan δ = 2 × 10 −4 at 4 K. PTFE Standard Compound. R-5775K Laminate Constructions Thicknesscost-effective alternative to PTFE and other commercial microwave laminate materials. The loss tangent of D263 glass dramatically increases from 0. , 44 (2018), pp. 84 while the loss tangent reaches 1. 2. 1. 24. 006) as well as excellent mechanical properties. 5. 25 at 1 GHz and 4. The loss tangent of Borofloat 33 glass increases from 0. Since it is linear with frequency, you should be able to scale loss tangent attenuation in your head. traditional PTFE substrates. 1 and loss tangent as low as 0. Dielectrics with low loss provide reduced attenuation and heating in circuits. Silicon dioxide-filled semi-rigid coax cables can withstand temperatures that would cause PTFE-filled cables to catch on fire! S No Material Dielectric constant Loss Tangent 1 Unreinforced PTFE, Cuflon 2. And also, the measurement precision of the method in W. The effect of loss tangent. Using PEC as a material with infinite. e. The loss tangent of SU-8 is also given in Fig. comThe dielectric constant (Dk) of a plastic or dielectric or insulating material can be defined as the ratio of the charge stored in an insulating material placed between two metallic plates to the charge that can be stored when the insulating material is replaced by vacuum or air. 003 at 10GHz. 5 Repeat 5. Variation of (c) the dielectric permittivity and (d) dielectric loss with temperature of the PTFE and P-0. 4 plots the storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus, complex viscosity (η*), and tangent of the phase angle shift (tan δ) against frequency (ω) for PP and its blends, respectively. 1. Where relevant, this includes physical properties, thermal properties, B-H curves, core loss data, frequency dependent permittivity and frequency-dependent loss tangent – enabling more exact analysis for key classes of electromagnetic simulation. Known for their naturally slippery surface, these PTFE tubes are often made into bearings, rollers, and. Both twisting and bending lead to structural deformation, namely the density distribution change of the PTFE SCPDW at the bending section, which affects the dielectric constant and loss tangent. B. 2. The COMSOL Multiphysics® software and many of its add-on modules include built-in material libraries, which are databases with materials and their associated material properties. Just follow these four easy steps: Step 1: Match your application with the appropriate pore size. Silicon dioxide-filled semi-rigid coax cables can withstand temperatures that would cause PTFE-filled cables to catch on fire! Fused silica and fused quartz are forms of silicon dioxide. Solid PTFE has a dielectric constant of 2. This material is a rigid, thermoset laminate that is capable of. 23 and 0. 6648. It is possible to create low-cost RF circuit cards on FR-4, but the losses will always be much higher than on PTFE-based boards from reputable suppliers. Article. For example, Rogers 3003 is one example of a very low loss tangent laminate with very smooth copper, and it is available without glass reinforcement. 15E-4 @3 GHz. Introduction. The relative dielectric constant (ε r) and loss tangent (tanδ) of the composites increase with an increase of the volume fraction of ZrTi2O6. Df, Loss Tangent A. The results of these tests at 1 KHz, 1 MHz, and. A list of typical properties of Tefzel® is shown in Table 1. 2021, 11, 6813 7 of 9. 17 to 2. The fiberglass reinforced TLY-3FF has been engineered to provide the dimensional stability typical of the standard fiberglass reinforced TLY Series yet offers the mechanical flexibility of chopped fiber reinforced laminates. 6 (a). Tefzel® can be extruded or injection molded easily, using conventional techniques, and thus presents no unusual operator training. 8. 56 cm long with the internal diameter of 5. 3. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a totally fluorinated polymer which is white, semi-opaque, and semi-crystalline. 2. 05 0. 73 and low dielectric loss of 3. 60, low electrical loss of tan δ from 0. Helping to maintain the Dk uniformity are the randomly oriented microfibers reinforcing the. 0 ()1. 83 × 10 −3 and ~3. Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ. 49 ±0. 0-2. The dielectric loss angle tangent (tan δ) of the PTFE composite also showed an increasing trend with the filler content. Lower losses result in higher Amplifier and Antenna Gains/Efficiencies. 8 × 10 −4, at 15 K. RO3000 Series laminates are circuit materials with consistent mechanical properties, regardless. 3. Under these conditions the loss tangent of fully saturated wood. In general, the dielectric loss tangent of composites remains a very low level, i. 2. S2 . Electromagnetic simulations demonstrate that both the resonant frequency and quality factor of the sensor vary considerably with the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the liquid sample. FR-4 (or FR4) is a NEMA grade designation for glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material. Features. The relative permittivity (εr) of VTMS modified BMN/PTFE composite substrate is 5. The first column on the left sums-up the basic data of virgin PTFE G400, in order to compare with the values of the. Figure 11. The low loss tangent is a consequence of the symmetrical conformation of the polymer backbone, which effectively neutralizes the dipole forces of the C–F bonds yielding a net zero dipole moment. The metallic parts, i. The average insertion loss for CPW lines at 40GHz. 2. 63 ±0. Permittivity and loss tangent of the composite substrates were measured at X-band frequency region (8. 1. 02 in this frequency range. 7. High-performance fiber paper for wave-transparent applications is extensively applied in electromagnetic windows and radar radomes in the aerospace, transportation, and 5G communication sectors because of its excellent mechanical properties, low dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tanδ, and. 008 87 Loss modulus (MPa) 336 ±70 375 ±83 Evaporation PTFE Panel. 5 × 10 −4, 3 GHz). The MEGTRON 7 family, including MEGTRON 7(N), MEGTRON 7(GE) and. Example: what is the skin depth and loss tangent in bottom round steak at microwave oven frequencies (2. 00 310 at 10 kHz. Values presented here are relative dielectric constants. 5. PTFE-based laminates, spread glass laminates, or other specialized material systems are a good choice to support larger high speed digital boards, where routes are very long and low. 2. 003 or less at ~10 GHz or higher; Fiber weave effects, although these laminates may have the same loss tangent as typical FR4 materials;. PTFE Teflon® Type A L=4. 4. 00022. Dielectric loss angle tangent is increasing as increment of. 0 in the z-axis at 10 GHz tightly. ThunderClad 3+ laminates also exhibit excellent moisture resistance, improved CTE, superior. RO4003C laminates provide tight control on dielectric constant (Dk) and low loss while utilizing the same processing method as standard epoxy/glass but at a fraction of the cost of conventional microwave. 0 mm. 5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 19 15 X ppm/˚C --55˚C to 288˚C IPC TM-650 2. For typical amplitude sweeps, an angular frequency of ω = 10 rad/s is generally used. The imaginary part is zero for lossless materials and is also known as loss factor. Comparing the two kinds of results of the PTFE sample shown in figure 4(A), we see that the biggest difference of the dielectric constant is 0. 4. material. 6 Thermal stability of AlN/PTFE composites. 1. 0) eff. It can be seen that the PTFE/recycled BRS composite shows a lower dielectric constant, loss tangent, moisture absorption and CTE than the. If it absorbs energy from loss tangent then you suffer on transmission loss and return loss and hence sensitivity. Among these, PTFE is the most preferred matrix for microwave applications because of its low loss tangent, stable dielectric constant, good chemical resistance and high operating temperature. Thisdoesnotimply orconstitute anyendorsementby the National Instituteof Standards andThe role of Nafion in the operation of PEMFC. 11) Reinforcement (see 1. 05, indicating that there is a potential application of Si 3 N 4 filled PTFE/GF composites in the field of. While sintering first evaporate the binder at 500-600 for 15 min and then go to your desired temperature. 4 Properties under cyclic stress 43 3. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PTFE/CNT (5 wt%) nanofiber membranes are 58. BNT/PTFE. 045 (2. 2. 1, low dielectric loss tangent∼10 −4) and excellent thermal stability [19]. 18 and 0. 0015 0. @ 5 GHz. ER=4. The mixture was dried on a PTFE film at room temperature, and at 90 C for 30min. ), and a. The surface of SrTiO 3 powders were successfully coated by silane coupling agent (vinyltrimethoxysilane, VTMS). 0005 0. Polymer-based composite was investigated by embedding calcium copper titanate (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12; CCTO) fillers into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix. Loss tangent or Dissipation factor can change significantly up to 200% with moisture absorption as little as 0. In [11] the low loss tangent of PTFE is explained as a consequence of the symmetrical conformation of the polymer backbone, which neutralizes the dipole forces of the C-F bonds yielding a net zero. Kou, J. "FR" stands for "flame retardant", and does not denote that the material complies with the standard UL94V-0 unless testing is performed. For the extraction of dielectric constant and loss tangent of the proposed stack up, microstrip ring resonator (MRR) method is used. 2 Radome Design Elements. . The radome material choice, such as fiberglass, PTFE-coated fabric, and polycarbonate, is generally dependent on the targeted application environmental use. 2 Properties under long-term stress 36 3. 1 and extremely low loss tangent tan δ ∼ 0. 5 THz to a maximum value of 0. Microwave engineers usually deal with the ratio between the two, which is called tangent delta, or tanD (say "tan-dee"), for short. 008 from 75GHz to 100GHz. 1 shows a schematic layout of the cell and the column used in this study. CuClad Laminates by Arlon. order to design a product with the advantages of low loss tangent and suitability for sequential lamination. Loss tangent (tanδ) or dissipation factor (Df): The loss tangent or dissipation factor is the tangent of the phase angle between the resistive and reactive currents in the dielectric. Moreover, the PTFE/T-GF exhibited improved dielectric constant (2. 6 Tribology/Slip and. Dielectric Loss =. 15 to 4. Thermally, solid PTFE dielectrics have a sharp knee in their CTE profile around room temperature. If you are not working in the area of RF circuit design, you might have not heard of this term 'Loss Tagent'. 8 THz. 45 together with a loss tangent of 0. 5 %, Donghai Powder Technology Co. 1), extremely low loss tangent (tg δ = 10 −4 at 1 GHz), corrosion resistance, excellent chemical resistance, and is stable in a wide range of frequencies [8], which make it a. The dielectric loss is reported in terms of the loss angle (δ), which has units of milliradians. Material datasheets and PCB manufacturers commonly refer to this signal loss as the dissipation factor (Df). 00 310 at 10 kHz. 41 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 17 18 Y ppm/˚C --55˚C to 288˚C IPC TM-650 2. 0003, and its service temperature is relatively also high (~250±1°C) [10, 11]. Dk value: ~3. Appl. The dielectric permittivity of the P-0. , the maximum dielectric loss tangent is 0. 1 at 10 GHz (Fig. PTFE L-5 and PTFE JH-220 powders showed good dispersion in the PBS matrix, and PTFE FA-500 powder underwent fibrillation during the melt blending process. Dielectric Loss and Copper Loss . The low loss tangent is a consequence of the symmetrical conformation of the polymer backbone, which effectively neutralizes the dipole forces of the C–F bonds yielding a net zero dipole. Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE - 2. 06 in [1. RO3010™ Laminates. 5 S/m. Current flow results from applied electric field and is described by the conductivity, (sigma), of the material. 114 in [2. 7 k’ =dielectricconstantofsample C o =cellvacuumcapacitance=C 1/k a k Dissipation factor indicates the inefficiency of material to hold energy or behave as an insulating material. 1 Therefore, PTFE-based substrate materials are commonly fabricated by lling withIndustrial Plastics & Machine can offer an extremely wide range of skived tapes, sheets, extruded and moulded rods and tubes, in virgin PTFE as well as compounded from G series. 1, low dielectric loss tangent∼10 −4) and excellent thermal stability [19]. constant of 2. RT/duroid 5880 laminates has a low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dielectric loss, making them well suited for high frequency/broadband applications. 4 (a), the slope of G′ curves was increased which indicated the transition from liquid-like to solid-like in viscoelastic behavior. The increased thermal conductivity provides higher power handling, reduces hot-spots and improves. RT/duroid® high frequency circuit materials are filled PTFE (random glass or ceramic) composite laminates for use in high reliability, aerospace and defense applications. 52 mm] . Toray's electrically pure, low-loss materials and syntactics ensure maximum radome efficiency. Rogers RO3000 high frequency circuit materials are ceramic-filled PTFE composites intended for use in commercial microwave and RF applications. It was reported that <0. The decrement in filler size from 106 μm to 25 μm also increased the mean dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites from 2. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commercially known as Teflon, is a semi-crystalline fluoropolymer. Among above composites, the PTFE/SiO 2 composites have low dielectric constant, dielectric loss and low CTE. PCB cores and laminates are similar and, in some ways, quite different. 2. 16556-16560. 2. RO3000® Series. 05, 0. Polyetheretherketone is ahigh performance thermoplastic that is strong, stiff, hard and has high temperature resistance. The ratio of dissipation to stored energy is defined as tanδ. The Lynch formula [1] can be used to predict the change in Loss tangent loss Rule of Thumb #116. 18), and decreased dielectric loss (0. The structure, morphology, dielectric and thermal properties of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, coefficient of thermal expansion, and Network Analyzer. Excellent mechanical properties versus. The dielectric loss tangent tends to increase near 1 MHz, which is related to the dielectric relaxation process of PTFE matrix. When δ is low valued then it is related to loss tangent (the ratio of imaginary and real parts of permittivity) by δ ≈ tanδ ×103 milliradians. 10 , both untreated BZT/GF and F8261 modified BZT/GF filled PTFE composites exhibited a relatively low values of dielectric loss. 20%), with the actual measured value ranging from 2. High-performance fiber paper for wave-transparent applications is extensively applied in electromagnetic windows and radar radomes in the aerospace, transportation, and 5G communication sectors because of its excellent mechanical properties, low dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tanδ, and. But it also has certain disadvantages like high coefficient of thermal expansion (∼109 ppm/°C) and inferior dimensional stability [4] , [5] . 8 cm, but the columns were 25 cm long with the same internal diameter. 2 dB with a thickness of 2. ; Contact Us Have a question, idea, or some feedback? We want to hear from you. Among the polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the most preferred host matrix that exhibits excellent dielectric properties such as low permittivity (ε r = 2. 2 Radome Design Elements. Benefits. LaminateR-5785(N)/Prepreg R-5680(N) The ultra-low dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) make MEGTRON 7 ideal for high speed and large data volumes associated with servers and routers required for 5G. Polytetra uoroethylene (PTFE) has an extremely low dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent among uoropolymers, as well as excellent chemical resistance, weather resistance, and heat. Loss tangent values obtained for PTFE–Mg 2 SiO 4 (micro and nano) composites has been plotted in Fig. Eccostock LoK is a low dielectric constant, low loss and low weight thermosetting plastic for RF and microwave insulation. PTFE-Based PCBs By Rich Trine Technical Service Manager Petersburgh, NY – Tel: 800-833-1805 Fax: 518-658-3988. The randomly oriented microfibers in the PTFE composites result in exceptional Dk uniformity. Signal Clarity. 51, 0. 8" L=8. 4 times higher dielectric loss tangent and effective relative dielectric permeability compared to unmodified. Where data were available, the loss tangent for PTFE (Teflon) reported were all close to zero (at least as small as about 10 −3), same as those we obtained here. If particle size is kept small compared to a wavelength, and the ratio of materials is well maintained from batch to batch, the mixture will be well behaved. 6 (c)), which was due to the porous structure formed by the volatilization of additives during sintering. The loss tangent is a. 1Thermally conductive low loss laminate. 20%), with the actual measured value ranging from 2. 1 Fabrication of the composite. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been widely used in packaging and substrate industries because of its very low dielectric constant and excellent chemical resistance. 0020 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 Loss Tangent Frequency (GHz) PTFE Teflon® Type A L=4. If the capacitor is used in an AC circuit, the dissipation factor due to the non-ideal capacitor is expressed as the ratio of the resistive power loss in the ESR to the reactive power oscillating in the capacitor, orThe loss tangent may increase or decrease with increasing temperature depending on the frequency and the moisture content condition, as shown in Fig. 08E ⁻⁴ ), higher bending strength (21. The dielectric loss tangent of the hBN/PTFE/PDMS composites with (a) no hBN, (b) no PTFE, (c) hBN 40 vol% and (d) PTFE 40 vol% at 18. One of the efforts to control the CTE of PTFE. Rogers manufactures several heat conducting thermal management solutions, providing the necessary transfer of heat through solids to maintain optimal operating temperatures. RO3000® Series. 5%) 0. Since the signal propagation speed and. 0035 at 100 Hz. The first column on the left sums-up the basic data of virgin PTFE G400, in order to compare with the values of the. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the PTFE substrate was obtained by testing at 1 GHz and 10 GHz, respectively. The metallic parts, i. The real value of permittivity increases almost linearly with the filler volume, while the imaginary value only increases slightly. Sci. 1) Ultra Low Loss Tangent & Dissipation Factor Since the dielectric in CuFlon is pure PTFE, the losses are lower than those encountered in PTFE/glass materials. Published in: 2006 International Conference on Microwaves, Radar & Wireless CommunicationsFigure 6. (PTFE, Teflon, in Russian - Ftoroplast) PTFE is a white, hard and heavy plastic. The dielectric loss of the molded resin after heat treatment is only 0. 001 to 0. 0022 (10 GHz) at an optimum filler volume fraction of 46% ZrTi2O6. Because the large-scale relaxations of the PBT melting were. 1 and low loss tangent because of the neutralization of dipole moment exhibited by C-F bonds. Loss Tangent: A. - lbs. Appl. The mass loss of 10. TC350 materials offer designers a unique combination of low insertion loss and higher thermal conductivity. 004 to 0. Dielectrics with low. Figure [Math Processing Error] 3. 4. Dielectric materials cannot resist indefinite amount of voltage and with enough voltage applied, any insulating material. e. 6 mm thick fabric polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate with a dielectric constant of 2. 05 (CW) to 2. Rogers RO3000 high frequency circuit materials are ceramic-filled PTFE composites intended for use in commercial microwave and RF applications. Polyimide (PI)/ bisphenol A dicyanate esters (BADCy) composite laminates with varying resin contents were prepared by filament winding and autoclave molding process. A work was reported on the moisture absorbance of PTFE/Micron-rutile and PTFE/Nano-rutile composites. 4 Run the test and record the average permittivity and loss over the narrow frequency range sweep. Polyolefin, irradiated. 5. 4. CuClad laminates feature low dielectric constants (Dk) ranging from 2. Also the −10 dB bandwidth narrows, as the return loss gets worse with the increasing relative permittivity. This family of advanced laminates offers exceptional electrical and mechanical stability. signal and includes both dielectric and dc-conductivity losses. 01 to 0. The dielectric loss angle tangent (tan δ) of the PTFE composite also showed an increasing trend with the filler content. 5%E films. Total RF Transmission Line Loss. 2: Loss tangent defined in terms of the real and imaginary components of the complex permittivity [Math Processing Error] ϵ c. 2-2. 44 × 10 −3, respectively, by the improved free-space. Prepreg. 41Speciality grades Higher stiffness grades (separate data sheets available) Grade Process Characteristics Typical applications DELRIN® 510GR Injection DELRIN® 510GR is a 10% glass fibre reinforced, Parts requiring very high strength and stiffness. @ 2 GHz.